Diet and nutritionSalt — white death or an unfairly accused mineral?
Sources: 12 · Article: 16 881 characters
Jerzy Zięba claims that using the right kind of salt in the right way lowers blood pressure.
- Prof. Klaus F. Kopp warns against eating too much salt, especially for people with heart or kidney disease or high blood pressure, and for pregnant women.
- He also emphasizes that sodium chloride and sodium bicarbonate are different compounds that may act differently.
What the authors write
Jerzy Zięba
Refining sea salt removes minerals and other trace substances, leaving mainly sodium chloride, which can be harmful.
„That is exactly why this type of salt does not serve its purpose, and its consumption can indeed be harmful to people. I often say that we should call this natural salt “minerals with salt” to draw people’s attention to what is most important: the minerals, not sodium chloride.”Dlatego właśnie tego typu sól nie spełnia swojej roli i rzeczywiście jej spożycie może być dla człowieka szkodliwe. Bardzo często mówię, że tę naturalną sól powinniśmy nazywać „minerałami z solą”, po to, żeby zwrócić uwagę ludzi na to, co jest najbardziej istotne, a więc minerały a nie chlorek sodu.
Jerzy Zięba
Jerzy Zięba believes that the claim that eating salt is linked to high blood pressure is a myth.
„They clearly show that this is a myth. In short, it is not true. It is also interesting that if a person is deprived of all salt, they will die sooner or later. But what is most interesting is that using the right kind of salt in the right way lowers arterial blood pressure.”Wskazują one jednoznacznie, że jest to mit. Krótko mówiąc nie jest to prawda. Ciekawe jest też to, że jeśli człowiekowi odebrać całkowicie sól, wcześniej czy później umrze. Jednak najciekawsze jest to, że właściwe zastosowanie właściwej soli obniża ciśnienie tętnicze krwi.
Jerzy Zięba
Jerzy Zięba claims that completely depriving a person of salt can eventually lead to death.
„It is also interesting that if a person is deprived of all salt, they will die sooner or later. But what is most interesting is that using the right kind of salt in the right way lowers arterial blood pressure. Many chronic conditions really do become incurable WITHOUT the use of salt.”Ciekawe jest też to, że jeśli człowiekowi odebrać całkowicie sól, wcześniej czy później umrze. Jednak najciekawsze jest to, że właściwe zastosowanie właściwej soli obniża ciśnienie tętnicze krwi. Wiele schorzeń przewlekłych staje się rzeczywiście nieuleczalnych BEZ zastosowania soli.
Jerzy Zięba
Jerzy Zięba claims that using the right kind of salt in the right way lowers blood pressure.
„But what is most interesting is that using the right kind of salt in the right way lowers arterial blood pressure. Many chronic conditions really do become incurable WITHOUT the use of salt. This raises the question: what kind of salt are we talking about? Exactly.”Jednak najciekawsze jest to, że właściwe zastosowanie właściwej soli obniża ciśnienie tętnicze krwi. Wiele schorzeń przewlekłych staje się rzeczywiście nieuleczalnych BEZ zastosowania soli. Zachodzi wobec tego pytanie: o jakiej soli jest mowa? No właśnie.
Jerzy Zięba
Jerzy Zięba considers natural Kłodawa salt necessary for the body and claims that low-salt diets are harmful.
„So good, suitable salt is essential for the proper functioning of the human body. For this very reason, all kinds of low-salt diets are harmful to people. The “salt phobia” spread by the media has led many people to boast that they hardly use any salt at all.”Tak więc dobra, właściwa sól jest produktem niezbędnym dla prawidłowego funkcjonowania organizmu człowieka. Z tego powodu właśnie wszelkiego rodzaju diety nisko solne są dla człowieka szkodliwe. Rozpowszechniana przez media „solofobia” spowodowała, że wiele osób chwali się tym, że soli właściwie wcale nie używa.
Jerzy Zięba
Jerzy Zięba describes natural sea salt as a source of minerals and trace substances that are removed by refining.
„These substances are found in natural sea salt, but during refining they were thrown away, and we, the customers, were given just one substance: sodium chloride! That is exactly why this type of salt does not serve its purpose, and its consumption can indeed be harmful to people.”Tego rodzaju substancje znajdują się właśnie w naturalnej soli morskiej, ale w procesie rafinacji te substancje wyrzucono na śmietnik, a nam, klientom, podano tylko jedną substancję, którą jest chlorek sodu! Dlatego właśnie tego typu sól nie spełnia swojej roli i rzeczywiście jej spożycie może być dla człowieka szkodliwe.
Henryk Różański
Henryk Różański writes that salt stimulates saliva secretion and heightens the perception of taste, and that unrefined salts can provide various elements.
„Salt stimulates saliva secretion and increases the sensitivity of taste receptors. Seasonings containing sea salt and unrefined salts with a high content of bioelements (micro- and ultra-elements, e.g. fluorine, manganese, molybdenum) have considerable value for taste and health.”Sól pobudza wydzielanie śliny i zwiększa wrażliwość receptorów smaku. Dużą wartość smakowo-zdrowotną mają przyprawy zawierające sól morską oraz sole nieoczyszczane z dużą domieszką biopierwiastków (mikro- i utraelementów, np. fluoru, manganu, molibdenu).
Prof. Klaus F. Kopp
Prof. Klaus F. Kopp distinguishes sodium chloride from sodium bicarbonate and writes that sodium itself is neither good nor bad.
„Therefore, the chemical ion Na+ or the element Na = sodium is neither bad nor good. Only the two different compounds act in different ways, which may be desirable or undesirable.
It is therefore highly misleading when even scientific texts refer to sodium chloride, for example...”Therefore, the chemical ion Na + or the element Na = Sodium is neither bad nor good, only the two different compounds are acting in different ways which may be desirable or undesirable.
It is therefore most misleading if even in scientific texts Sodium-Chloride e.g.
Prof. Klaus F. Kopp
Prof. Klaus F. Kopp claims that sodium chloride can be harmful, while sodium bicarbonate at normal concentrations serves a beneficial buffering function.
„NaCl = salt may indeed be harmful or “bad” in certain situations.
Sodium bicarbonate, NaHCO3, is the natural physiological buffer in the mammalian organism, and if it is substituted at normal concentrations, it may be considered “good”. However, excessive intake of 100 grams of sodium bicarbonate is certainly not advisable and would require medical treatment.”NaCl = Salt may indeed be harmful or “bad” in certain situations.
Sodium Bicarbonate, NaHCO3, is the natural physiological buffer in the mammalian organism and and if it is substituted at normal concentrations it may be considered as “good”. However, the excessive intake of 100 Gram of Sodium Bicarbonate is certainly not advisable and would require medical treatment.
Prof. Klaus F. Kopp
Prof. Klaus F. Kopp notes that excessive consumption of sodium bicarbonate is also not advisable.
„However, excessive intake of 100 grams of sodium bicarbonate is certainly not advisable and would require medical treatment.
Therefore, the chemical ion Na+ or the element Na = sodium is neither bad nor good. Only the two different compounds act in different ways, which may be desirable or undesirable.”However, the excessive intake of 100 Gram of Sodium Bicarbonate is certainly not advisable and would require medical treatment.
Therefore, the chemical ion Na + or the element Na = Sodium is neither bad nor good, only the two different compounds are acting in different ways which may be desirable or undesirable.
Prof. Klaus F. Kopp
Prof. Klaus F. Kopp explains that sodium usually occurs in compounds, and that sodium chloride and sodium bicarbonate have different, sometimes opposite, effects.
„Na+ is normally always bound to some negatively charged anion, e.g. Cl- or HCO3-, and is then called NaCl = table salt or NaHCO3 = sodium hydrogen carbonate or sodium bicarbonate. These two substances have fundamentally different effects in the body, and sometimes opposite ones.”Na+ ist normalerweise immer an irgendein negativ geladenes Kation z.B. Cl- oder HCO3- gebunden und heißt dann NaCl = Kochsalz oder NaHCO3 = Natriumhydrogencarbonat oder Natriumbikarbonat. Diese beiden Substanzen haben grundverschiedene Wirkungen, teilweise entgegengesetzte im Organismus.
Prof. Klaus F. Kopp
Prof. Klaus F. Kopp warns against eating too much salt, especially for people with heart or kidney disease or high blood pressure, and for pregnant women.
„This unfortunately makes confusion with other sodium salts, especially sodium bicarbonate, inevitable. But since nobody should eat too much salt—especially people with heart or kidney disease or high blood pressure, and pregnant women; in fact, nobody should—there are desperate efforts to keep the total sodium content of mineral water, various foods and dietary products as low as possible, and to remove or reduce it at considerable cost, to make sure no harm is caused.”Dadurch ist die Verwechslung mit anderen Natrium-Salzen leider vor allem mit Natrium-Bikarbonat vorprogrammiert Da aber niemand zu viel Salz essen soll, schon gar nicht Herz-, Nieren- oder Hochdruck-Kranke, auch nicht Schwangere, d.h. gar niemand, - wird verzweifelt versucht, den gesamten Natrium-Gehalt von Mineralwässern oder verschiedenen Nahrungsmitteln oder Diätetika, so niedrig wie möglich zu halten und kostenaufwendig zu entfernen oder zu reduzieren, damit ja nur kein Schaden entsteht.
Prof. Klaus F. Kopp
Prof. Klaus F. Kopp claims that reducing the total sodium content in food and water may unnecessarily reduce the amount of sodium bicarbonate as well.
„Correctly, the label should say “low in table salt”. Unfortunately, the sodium bicarbonate that is also reduced is affected by this “sodium depletion” too. In many ways, this is a very costly mistake and error.
P.S. Confidential: The information in the article marked as the author’s new findings is protected under trademark law.”Richtigerweise müsste es "Kochsalz-arm" heißen, nur leider ist auch das ebenfalls reduzierte Natrium-Bikarbonat von der "Natrium-Verarmung" mit betroffen.Das ist in vielerlei Hinsicht ein sehr kostspieliger Fehler und Irrtum.
PS Vertraulich: Die in dem Artikel als neue Erkenntnisse des Autors gekennzeichnete Angaben sind markenzeichenrechtlich geschützt
Prof. Klaus F. Kopp
Prof. Klaus F. Kopp claims that the label “low sodium” should say “low salt”, because the current label may lead to costly and unhealthy changes.
„Therefore, the labeling of products treated this way mostly reads, erroneously, “low in SODIUM”, whereas it should read “low in SALT”.
For many reasons, this constitutes a rather unhealthy and economically very costly “scientific ERROR”.
Prof. Dr. med.”Therefore, the labeling of the so treated products erroneously mostly reads: “low in SODIUM” whereas it should read : “low in SALT”.
For many reasons, this constitutes a rather unhealthy and economically a very costly “scientific ERROR”.
Prof. Dr.med.
Research from PubMed · Europe PMC
We selected 5 studies with the best, positive results. This is a selection, not a full review of all research.
Total number of studies on this topic in PubMed: 6 550.
A meta-analysis found that reducing sodium lowers systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
Aim of the study: To examine the dose-response relationship between reducing dietary sodium and changes in blood pressure, and to explore the impact of the duration of the intervention.
Results: 133 studies with 12,197 participants were included. The mean reductions (reduced sodium versus usual sodium) in 24-hour urinary sodium, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were 130 mmol (95% confidence interval 115 to 145, P<0.001), 4.26 mm Hg (3.62 to 4.89, P<0.001), and 2.07 mm Hg (1.67 to 2.48, P<0.001), respectively. Each 50 mmol reduction in 24-hour sodium excretion was associated with a 1.10 mm Hg (0.66 to 1.54; P<0.001) reduction in SBP and a 0.33 mm Hg (0.04 to 0.63; P=0.03) reduction in DBP. Reductions in blood pressure were observed in the different population groups examined, including people with and without hypertension. For the same reduction in 24-hour urinary sodium, the reduction in SBP was greater in older people, non-white populations, and those with higher baseline SBP levels.
Money for the studynot stated · Medical Research Council, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)
Do the authors have ties to companies?yes — the authors reported it
Did a manufacturer help with the study?YES
Type of studycombined analysis of many studies (meta-analysis)
Participants12 197
“Not stated” does not mean nobody paid — the database does not always record it.
A review found that moderate salt reduction lowers blood pressure.
Aim of the study: To determine the effects of longer-term, modest salt reduction on blood pressure, hormones, and lipids.
Results: Thirty-four trials (3,230 participants) were included. Meta-analysis showed that the mean change in urinary sodium (reduced salt versus usual salt) was -75 mmol/24 h (equivalent to a reduction of 4.4 g/day of salt). With this reduction in salt intake, the mean change in blood pressure was -4.18 mm Hg (95% confidence interval -5.18 to -3.18, I(2)=75%) for systolic blood pressure and -2.06 mm Hg (-2.67 to -1.45, I(2)=68%) for diastolic blood pressure. Meta-regression showed that age, ethnic group, blood pressure status (hypertensive or normotensive), and the change in 24-hour urinary sodium were all significantly associated with the decrease in systolic blood pressure, explaining 68% of the variation between studies. A 100 mmol reduction in 24-hour urinary sodium (6 g/day of salt) was associated with a 5.8 mm Hg decrease in systolic blood pressure (2.5 to 9.2, P=0.001), after adjustment for age, ethnic group, and blood pressure status.
Money for the studynot stated
Do the authors have ties to companies?not stated
Did a manufacturer help with the study?unknown
Type of studycombined analysis of many studies (meta-analysis)
Participants3 230
“Not stated” does not mean nobody paid — the database does not always record it.
A review indicates that reducing salt lowers blood pressure and may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Aim of the study: There is strong evidence for a causal relationship between salt intake and blood pressure. Randomized trials show that reducing salt lowers blood pressure in both people with hypertension and those with normal blood pressure, in addition to the effects of antihypertensive treatment.
Results: Several complex and interconnected physiological mechanisms are involved, including fluid balance, hormonal and inflammatory mechanisms, and newer pathways such as the immune response and the gut microbiome. High salt intake is a major dietary risk factor. Salt-reduction programs are cost-effective and should be implemented or accelerated in all countries. This review updates the evidence on the relationship between salt and health, focusing in particular on blood pressure and cardiovascular disease, as well as potential mechanisms.
Money for the studygovernment, public institutions · National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Medical Research Council
Do the authors have ties to companies?not stated
Did a manufacturer help with the study?unknown
Type of studydiscussion of other studies
“Not stated” does not mean nobody paid — the database does not always record it.
A review indicates that replacing ordinary salt with a potassium-containing mixture has benefits, including reducing the risk of stroke.
Aim of the study: Excessive salt intake raises blood pressure, but the implications of this observation for human health have remained contentious. It has also been recognized for many years that potassium intake may lessen the effects of salt intake on blood pressure and possibly on outcomes such as stroke.
Results: In addition, new insights into the complex interactions between the systems that control sodium and potassium excretion by the kidneys and the brain have highlighted the existence of a potassium switch in the distal nephron of the kidney. This switch seems to contribute importantly to the blood-pressure-lowering effects of potassium intake. In recognition of these developing findings, the United States Food and Drug Administration is moving to allow potassium-containing salt substitutes to be used in food manufacturing. Since previous attempts to reduce salt consumption have not been successful, this new approach may improve health and bring the “Salt Wars” to an end.
Money for the studygovernment, public institutions · NCATS NIH HHS, NIDDK NIH HHS, BLRD VA
Do the authors have ties to companies?not stated
Did a manufacturer help with the study?unknown
Type of studydiscussion of other studies
“Not stated” does not mean nobody paid — the database does not always record it.
In a study of older people with hypertension and diabetes, reduced-sodium salt may have improved arterial stiffness.
Aim of the study: Background and purpose: The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet has multiple health benefits. We evaluated the effects of low-sodium salt used with a modified Chinese DASH diet on arterial stiffness in older patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes.
Results: In addition, 24-hour urine and blood samples were measured at baseline, at week 4, and at the end of the intervention. Results: Compared with baseline, the low-sodium salt group had significant decreases at week 8 in the ankle-brachial index (-0.09 ± 0.11, p < 0.001) and brachial and ankle pulse wave conduction velocity (-133.07 ± 265.99 cm/s, p = 0.010), while the normal-sodium salt group had a significant decrease only in the ankle-brachial index (-0.06 ± 0.12, p = 0.010) at week 8. Conclusion: Low-sodium salt used with a modified Chinese DASH diet may improve arterial stiffness in patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes. Further research with a longer follow-up is needed.
Money for the studynot stated
Do the authors have ties to companies?not stated
Did a manufacturer help with the study?unknown
Type of studystudy with random allocation to groups (RCT)
“Not stated” does not mean nobody paid — the database does not always record it.
Perspectives and opinion materials
The content below presents the authors’ opinions, interpretations and hypotheses. It is not treated as equal to scientific studies and systematic reviews.
Orthomolecular Medicine News Service Opinion material
„Can you get too much sodium from sodium ascorbate vitamin C? Cardiologist Thomas E. Personally speaking, when I or my children are getting a significant amount of sodium as sodium ascorbate, we make a point of eating plenty of fruits and vegetables and drinking lots of fresh, raw, homemade vegetable juice (for potassium). We also make sure to get plenty of magnesium through oral supplements and Epsom salt baths.”Can you get too much sodium from sodium ascorbate vitamin C? Cardiologist Thomas E. Personally speaking, when I or my children are getting a significant amount of sodium as sodium ascorbate we make a point to eat lots of fruits and veggies and drink lots of fresh raw homemade veggie juice (for potassium). We also make a point to get plenty of magnesium via oral supplements and Epsom salt baths.
Orthomolecular Medicine News Service Opinion material
„Thompson stated, “[T]he FDA will not tolerate the marketing of dietary supplements that are more likely to harm health than help it.”[8] “FDA regulates both finished dietary supplement products and dietary ingredients.” [U.S.”Thompson stated, "[T]he FDA will not tolerate the marketing of dietary supplements that are more likely to harm health than help it."[8] "FDA regulates both finished dietary supplement products and dietary ingredients." [U.S.
Orthomolecular Medicine News Service Opinion material
„Besides, the intestines transport ascorbate into the body using sodium transporters, which is why sodium ascorbate is more compatible with the body. Caring for children with whooping cough can be stressful. The stress can also take a toll on your health. Eat well, and if you feel you need to, you can take 5-10 grams of ascorbate spread over your waking hours. If you are coughing or under a lot of stress, it may also be a good idea to take a loading dose of 5 grams in half a glass of water. If this gives you loose stools, reduce the dose.”Besides which, the intestines transport the ascorbate into the body using sodium transporters and for that reason, sodium ascorbate is more compatible biomedically. Caretakers/parents will find whooping cough stressful. The stress can also take a toll on your health. Eat well, and if you feel you need it, you can take 5-10 grams of ascorbate spread out over waking hours. If you are coughing or under a lot of stress, it may also be a good idea to give yourself a loading dose of 5 grams in half a glass of water. If this gives you loose bowels, cut the dose back.
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