Vitamins and mineralsVitamin D3 levels don’t rise despite taking supplements — what’s going wrong?
- Jan Jaśkowski — Dlaczego masz niski poziom witaminy D3 mimo suplementacji? — Moja Apteczka
- Jerzy Jaśkowski — Słoneczny dar natury - witamina D3
- Comparison of the Effect of Daily Vitamin D2 and Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentration (Total 25(OH)D, 25(OH)D2, and 25(OH)D3) and Importance of Body Mass Index: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. · Adv Nutr 2024
- Vitamin D Supplementation: A Review of the Evidence Arguing for a Daily Dose of 2000 International Units (50 µg) of Vitamin D for Adults in the General Population. · Nutrients 2024
- Impact of vitamin D3 supplementation on motor functionality and the immune response in Parkinson's disease patients with vitamin D deficiency. · Sci Rep 2025
- Intervention methods and influencing factors of vitamin D deficiency in Northeast China: a self-controlled trial and randomized controlled trial study. · Front Nutr 2026
- Orthomolecular Medicine News Service — Understanding and Addressing Vitamin D Resistance: A Comprehensive Approach Integrating Genetic, Environmental, and Nutritional Factors
- Orthomolecular Medicine News Service — Summary of Vitamin D: Evidence-Based Health Benefits and Recommendations for Population Guidelines
Jan Jaśkowski explains that low vitamin D levels despite supplementation may be due to the body using it up quickly or poor absorption from the intestines into the blood.
- According to him, polyunsaturated fatty acids may reduce vitamin D absorption by as much as 30%, and some supplements may contain less active ingredient than stated on the label.
- Calcium deficiency and low levels of magnesium and vitamin K2 may weaken calcium balance and affect vitamin D3 levels.
- Jerzy Jaśkowski believes that a weight-loss or vegetable-based diet usually limits the absorption of vitamin D supplements and recommends taking vitamin D3 with K2.
What the authors write
Low levels despite supplementation may be due to how quickly the body uses up the vitamin or to poor absorption from the intestines into the blood.
Even the best supplementation will not work if the body cannot absorb the vitamin.
Polyunsaturated fatty acids may reduce vitamin D absorption by as much as 30%.
Some supplements may not contain the amount of active ingredient stated on the label.
Calcium deficiency and low levels of magnesium and vitamin K2 may weaken calcium balance and lead to lower vitamin D3 levels.
Jerzy Jaśkowski claims that a weight-loss or vegetable-based diet usually limits the absorption of vitamin D supplements.
Jerzy Jaśkowski believes that taking vitamin D3 on its own is a mistake and that it should be taken with vitamin K2.
The test most often measures calcidiol, the storage form of vitamin D, which is converted into its active form in the kidneys.
Research from PubMed · Europe PMC
We selected 4 studies with the best, positive results. This is a selection, not a full review of all research.
Total number of studies on this topic in PubMed: 1 616.
A meta-analysis found that vitamin D3 raised total 25(OH)D levels more effectively than D2, including when taken daily.
Aim of the study: Two previous meta-analyses showed smaller differences between vitamin D3 and vitamin D2 in raising serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and a consistently high heterogeneity when only including daily dosing studies.
Results: Overall, the results based on 20 comparative studies showed vitamin D3 to be superior to vitamin D2 in raising total 25(OH)D concentrations, but vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 had a similar positive impact on their corresponding 25(OH)D hydroxylated forms. The WMD in change in total 25(OH)D based on 12 daily dosed vitamin D2-vitamin D3 comparisons, analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, was 10.39 nmol/L (40%) lower for the vitamin D2 group compared with the vitamin D3 group (95% confidence interval: -14.62, -6.16; I2 = 64%; P < 00001). Body mass index (BMI) appeared to be the strongest response modifier, reducing heterogeneity to 0% in both subgroups. The vitamin D2- and vitamin D3-induced change in total 25(OH)D lost significance predominantly in subjects with a BMI >25 kg/m2 (P = 0.99). However, information on BMI was only available in 13/17 daily dosed comparisons.
“Not stated” does not mean nobody paid — the database does not always record it.
A review found that taking 2000 IU of D3 daily may raise and maintain 25(OH)D levels in most adults.
Aim of the study: Vitamin D deficiency is considered a public health problem due to its worldwide high prevalence and adverse clinical consequences regarding musculoskeletal health. In addition, vitamin D may also be crucial for the prevention of certain extraskeletal diseases.
Results: In this brief narrative review, we outline and discuss recent advances regarding the scientific evidence arguing for a daily vitamin D supplementation with 2000 international units (IU) (50 µg) of vitamin D3 to prevent and treat vitamin D deficiency. According to data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs), such a dose may improve some health outcomes and is sufficient to raise and maintain serum 25(OH)D concentrations above 50 nmol/L (20 ng/mL) and above 75 nmol/L (30 ng/mL) in >99% and >90% of the general adult population, respectively. According to large vitamin D RCTs, there are no significant safety concerns in supplementing such a dose for several years, even in individuals with an already sufficient vitamin D status at baseline. A daily vitamin D supplementation with 2000 IU (50 µg) may be considered a simple, effective, and safe dosage to prevent and treat vitamin D deficiency in the adult general population.
“Not stated” does not mean nobody paid — the database does not always record it.
In a small study of people with Parkinson’s disease and vitamin D3 deficiency, supplementation significantly increased 25(OH)D3 levels.
Aim of the study: Parkinson's disease (PD) patients frequently exhibit vitamin D deficiency and an imbalance in T helper 17 (Th17) and regulatory T (Treg) cells, which may contribute to disease pathogenesis. Preclinical evidence suggests vitamin D regulates Th17/Treg balance, but the therapeutic effects of supplementation in PD remain unestablished.
Results: Vitamin D3 supplementation significantly increased 25(OH)D3 levels (p < 0.05), reduced Th17 cells (4.62 ± 1.09 to 3.25 ± 1.14, p = 0.003), and elevated Tregs (3.25 ± 0.90 to 4.52 ± 0.95, p = 0.003). Motor function (UPDRS and UPDRS-III) improved in the vitamin D3 group (p < 0.001), while no changes were observed in the placebo group. This preliminary study suggests that vitamin D3 supplementation may restore Th17/Treg balance and potentially alleviate motor symptoms in vitamin D-deficient PD patients, indicating a possible therapeutic strategy.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT:06539260. Registered 05 August 2024 - Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06539260 .
“Not stated” does not mean nobody paid — the database does not always record it.
In children, supplementation with 400 or 800 IU per day for 8 weeks increased 25(OH)D3 levels, with a greater increase seen with 800 IU.
Aim of the study: Vitamin D deficiency is common among children in high-latitude regions. However, region-specific intervention strategies remain unclear. Few studies have simultaneously examined outdoor activity intervention, vitamin D supplementation, and genetic polymorphisms. Thus, this study aimed to explore feasible intervention strategies for children in Northeast China.
Results: Outdoor activity duration increased by 11 min/d, and estimated vitamin D production from UV increased by 60.73 IU/d, but serum 25(OH)D3 did not change significantly (18.52 ± 4.07 vs. 18.25 ± 3.11 ng/ml); this change was not associated with outdoor time, UV intensity, or calculated vitamin D production from UV. In the supplementation trial, serum 25(OH)D3 increased by 8.82 ± 7.53 ng/ml in the 400 IU/d group and 15.06 ± 9.40 ng/ml in the 800 IU/d group. Total vitamin D intake (diet + supplement) was estimated to require at least 733.21 IU/d to achieve serum 25(OH)D3 ≥30 ng/ml. Children with CT/TT genotypes (rs1562902) and AG/GG genotypes (rs10741657) showed a trend of lower sensitivity to supplementation. Increasing outdoor activity did not improve vitamin D status in children in Northeast China, but daily supplementation was effective. Dietary vitamin D intake and SNPs should be considered when formulating individualized supplementation doses.
“Not stated” does not mean nobody paid — the database does not always record it.
Perspectives and opinion materials
The content below presents the authors’ opinions, interpretations and hypotheses. It is not treated as equal to scientific studies and systematic reviews.
Pisaczek does not judge who is right. It shows what was written and where to read it. Every sentence above has its source.