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Diet and nutrition

Yolkin from egg yolk—a Polish invention that may improve memory?

Sources: 6 · Article: 8 278 characters

Tadeusz Trziszka describes yolkin as a substance with high biological activity that may be used to prevent and treat neurodegenerative diseases.

  • He lists it among the protein components of egg yolk with immunological properties.
  • The project planned to isolate yolkin, study its biological activity, and develop biomedical applications for it.

What the authors write

Tadeusz Trziszka

Yolkin was described as a substance with high biological activity that may be used to prevent and treat neurodegenerative diseases.

„A world-first discovery in the OVOCURA project is yolkin, a substance with high biological activity that can be used to prevent and treat neurodegenerative diseases, especially Alzheimer's disease. For the first time in the world, cystatin with electrophoretic purity was also obtained; it may be used as a medicine, among other things.”Odkryciem w ww. projekcie OVOCURA w skali światowej jest Yolkina jako substancja o wysokiej aktywności biologicznej, którą można stosować w profilaktyce i terapii chorób neurodegeneracyjnych, zwłaszcza choroby Alzheimera. Uzyskano również po raz pierwszy w skali światowej cystatynę o czystości elektroforetycznej, która może być lekiem m.in.
Trziszka T. — jaja
Tadeusz Trziszka

Yolkin is listed among the protein components of egg yolk with immunological properties.

„Protein complexes found in egg yolk have high biological value, including antioxidant and chelating properties (phosvitin), as well as immunological properties—for example, immunoglobulin Y or yolkin.”Kompleksy białkowe występujące w żółtku cechują się wysoką wartością biologiczną, w tym m.in. właściwościami antyoksydacyjnymi czy chelatującymi (foswityna), a także immunologicznymi – m.in. immunoglobulina Y lub Yolkina.
Trziszka T. — jaja
Tadeusz Trziszka

The project mentioned isolating yolkin, studying its biological activity, and developing biomedical applications for it.

„Important scientific achievements include methods for isolating cystatin, yolkin, ovo-phospholipids, and biopeptides and studying their biological activity, as well as developing various forms of biomedical application for them. Professor Trziszka emphasizes: “We have shown that bioactive substances used in treatment and prevention can and should be obtained naturally, from raw materials of animal origin—because the most perfect raw material known to nature is the egg.””Jako liczące się osiągnięcia naukowe należy wymienić metody izolacji i badania aktywności biologicznej cystatyny, Yolkiny, ovofosfolipidów, biopeptydów oraz opracowanie różnych form ich zastosowania biomedycznego. Profesor Trziszka podkreśla: - Pokazaliśmy, że substancje bioaktywne stosowane w leczeniu i profilaktyce można i należy pozyskiwać w sposób naturalny, z surowców pochodzenia zwierzęcego – bo takim jest najdoskonalszy surowiec jaki zna natura, czyli jajo.
Prof. Tadeusz Trziszka doktorem h.c. Uniwersytetu Medycznego
Henryk Różański

Henryk Różański writes that digested lecithin does not directly affect memory processes.

„So there is no way that taking lecithin directly affects memory processes by increasing acetylcholine levels in neurons, or that it is directly incorporated into nervous tissue. This is pure theory, and a very simplified one, because once digested, the lecithin we consume may instead be used to synthesize completely different endogenous compounds, or be used up in beta-oxidation, glycolysis, or as a donor of methyl groups.”Nie ma wiec możliwości, aby zażyta lecytyna bezpośrednio wpływała na procesy pamięci poprzez zwiększanie stężenia acetylocholiny w neuronach, czy też była bezpośrednio wbudowywana do tkanki nerwowej. Jest to czysta teoria, bardzo uproszczona, bo równie spożyta lecytyna po strawieniu może być spożytkowana do syntezy zupełnie innych związków endogennych, albo w ogóle zużyta w procesie beta-oksydacji, glikolizy i jako dawca grup metylowych.
Czy lecytyna poprawia pamięć?
Henryk Różański

Henryk Różański does not notice any improvement in memory from drinking lecithin or taking lecithin capsules.

„So despite drinking lecithin or taking lecithin capsules, we do not see any clear, noticeable improvement in our intellectual abilities or memory. I like drinking lecithin; it reminds me of advocaat. But then again, alcohol and blended egg yolks also contain lecithin.”Dlatego pomimo picia lecytyny, zażywania kapsułek z lecytyną nie obserwujemy widocznej i zauważalnej poprawy naszych możliwości intelektualnych i pamięci. Ja lubię pić lecytynę, przypomina mi ajerkoniak, no ale w sumie alkohol+zmiksowane żółtka jaj to również lecytyna.
Czy lecytyna poprawia pamięć?

Research from PubMed · Europe PMC

We selected 3 studies with the best, positive results. This is a selection, not a full review of all research.

Total number of studies on this topic in PubMed: 2.

In a study in rats, yolkin showed the suggested ability to support cognitive functions, including memory.

Aim of the study: The study aimed to assess the effect of the polypeptide Y complex (Yolkin), isolated from chicken egg yolk, on behavioural and cognitive functions. It also aimed to compare this activity with colostrum-derived substances (Colostrinin, Coloco), which have a confirmed impact on learning and memory.

Results: A series of behavioural tests were carried out, including an open field test, a novel object recognition test and a Morris water maze. They were used to evaluate the impact of the studied specimen on improving locomotor function and exploratory behaviour, preventing their decline and assess the functioning of episodic and spatial memory in aging rats. The administration of Yolkin gave distinct effects compared to colostrum-derived substances, although confirmed its suggested pro-cognitive action. Therefore, it may be used to enhance cognitive functions and inhibit the progression of dementia in the course of neurodegenerative disorders.

Pro-Cognitive Properties of the Immunomodulatory Polypeptide Complex, Yolkin, from Chicken Egg Yolk and Colostrum-Derived Substances: Analyses Based on Animal Model of Age-Related Cognitive Deficits. · Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2016
Money for the studyuniversity or foundation · Wroclaw Medical University
Do the authors have ties to companies?no — the authors say so
Did a manufacturer help with the study?NO
Type of studyanimal study

“Not stated” does not mean nobody paid — the database does not always record it.

In cell studies, yolkin increased the activity of hippocampal precursor cells and raised BDNF levels.

Aim of the study: Food-derived bioactive peptides able to regulate neuronal function have been intensively searched and studied for their potential therapeutic application. Our previous study showed that a polypeptide complex yolkin, isolated from hen egg yolk as a fraction accompanying immunoglobulin Y (IgY), improved memory and cognitive functions in rats.

Results: It was also determined that upregulation of CREB phosphorylation by yolkin is dependent on cyclic adenosine monophosphate/protein kinase A (cAMP/PKA) and phosphoinositide 3-kinases/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathway activation. Moreover, the impact of yolkin on the level of intracellular Ca2+, nitric oxide, and activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK 1/2 kinase) was excluded. These results emphasize that yolkin can act comprehensively and in many directions and may participate in the regulation of neurons' survival and activity. Therefore, it seems that the yolkin specimen can be used in the future as a safe, bioavailable, natural nutraceutical helping to improve the cognition of older people.

Mechanism of Molecular Activity of Yolkin-a Polypeptide Complex Derived from Hen Egg Yolk-in PC12 Cells and Immortalized Hippocampal Precursor Cells H19-7. · Mol Neurobiol 2023
Money for the studynot stated
Do the authors have ties to companies?no — the authors say so
Did a manufacturer help with the study?NO
Type of studyanimal study

“Not stated” does not mean nobody paid — the database does not always record it.

A review indicates that yolkin showed neuroprotective effects and improved cognitive functions in rats.

Aim of the study: Vitellogenin (Vt) is considered the primary protein precursor of egg yolk, serving as a source of protein- and lipid-rich nutrients for the developing embryo. However, recent research has revealed that the functions of Vt and Vt-derived polypeptides, such as yolkin (Y) and yolk glycopeptide 40 (YGP40), extend beyond their nutritional roles as a source of amino acids.

Results: However, recent research has revealed that the functions of Vt and Vt-derived polypeptides, such as yolkin (Y) and yolk glycopeptide 40 (YGP40), extend beyond their nutritional roles as a source of amino acids. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that both Y and YGP40 possess immunomodulatory properties and can contribute to host immune defenses. Additionally, Y polypeptides have been shown to exhibit neuroprotective activity, participating in the modulation of neurons' survival and activity, inhibiting neurodegeneration processes, and improving cognitive functions in rats. These non-nutritional functions not only enhance our understanding of the physiological roles of these molecules during embryonic development but also offer a promising basis for the potential application of these proteins in human health.

Importance for humans of recently discovered protein compounds - yolkin and yolk glycopeptide 40, present in the plasma of hen egg yolk. · Poult Sci 2023
Money for the studyuniversity or foundation · Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy we Wrocławiu
Do the authors have ties to companies?no — the authors say so
Did a manufacturer help with the study?NO
Type of studydiscussion of other studies

“Not stated” does not mean nobody paid — the database does not always record it.

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