PisaczekSearch
文AEN-US
PolskiEnglish (UK)English (US)EspañolPortuguês (Brasil)DeutschFrançaisItalianoУкраїнська中文（简体）한국어Bahasa IndonesiaРусскийالعربيةहिन्दी
Diseases

Childhood obesity — who is to blame, and what can be done?

Sources: 12 · Article: 13 291 characters

Grażyna Cichosz points out that trans fats have a particularly harmful effect on the bodies of infants and children.

  • The Rodzeń brothers recommend limiting carbohydrates because, they say, too many of them contribute to weight gain and insulin resistance.
  • Paul Clayton links poverty and less frequent access to fresh, healthy food with more frequent choices of soda and fries.
  • Paul Clayton adds that heat and humidity can discourage physical activity.

What the authors write

Paul Clayton

Poverty and less frequent access to fresh, healthy food are linked to more frequent choices of soda and fries.

„People in the South are disproportionately poor (10) compared with residents of other US states, and many live in so-called food deserts, where fresh, healthy food is scarce. Poor parents cannot afford many things, so it is easier to scrape together a few dollars to treat themselves and their children to soda or fries.”Mieszkańcy Południa są nieproporcjonalnie biedni (10) w stosunku do mieszkańców pozostałych stanów USA, a wielu zamieszkuje tak zwane pustynie żywnościowe, gdzie świeża i zdrowa żywność jest rzadkością. Na wiele rzeczy biedni rodzice nie mogą sobie pozwolić, łatwiej jest więc zebrać kilka dolarów, aby poczęstować siebie i dzieci napojem gazowanym lub frytkami.
Dieta a nasze przeznaczenie
Paul Clayton

Poverty and obesity occurred side by side, while highly processed food increasingly affected different social groups.

„This also applies to the people of Glasgow. Here are some of the reasons why poverty and obesity have gone hand in hand over the past half-century (11–14), although the rising tide of ultra-processed food is now tipping the scales across all social classes (13–15).”To wszystko dotyczy również mieszkańców Glasgow. Oto niektóre z powodów, dla których bieda i otyłość przebiegały równolegle przez ostatnie pół wieku (11–14), chociaż rosnąca fala ultraprzetworzonej żywności przechyla teraz szalę we wszystkich klasach społecznych (13–15).
Dieta a nasze przeznaczenie
Paul Clayton

Heat and humidity can discourage physical activity.

„And in summer, heat and humidity discourage physical activity. Another issue is poverty. People in the South are disproportionately poor (10) compared with residents of other US states, and many live in so-called food deserts, where fresh, healthy food is scarce.”A latem upał i wilgoć zniechęcają do wysiłku fizycznego. Inną sprawą jest ubóstwo. Mieszkańcy Południa są nieproporcjonalnie biedni (10) w stosunku do mieszkańców pozostałych stanów USA, a wielu zamieszkuje tak zwane pustynie żywnościowe, gdzie świeża i zdrowa żywność jest rzadkością.
Dieta a nasze przeznaczenie
Bracia Rodzeń

The Rodzeń brothers recommend limiting carbohydrates, claiming that too many contribute to weight gain and insulin resistance.

„The more carbohydrates there are in your food, the faster and more weight you will gain, and the more likely you are to develop insulin resistance and other metabolic diseases. obesity/insulin resistance, metabolic diseases (type 2 diabetes, fatty liver disease, high blood pressure, PCOS, numerous cancers).”Im więcej węglowodanów w Twoich pokarmach, tym szybciej i bardziej przytyjesz, zachorujesz na insulinooporność i inne choroby metaboliczne. otyłość/insulinooporność, choroby metaboliczne (cukrzyca typu 2, stłuszczenie wątroby, nadciśnienie tętnicze, PCOS, liczne nowotwory).
Bracia Rodzeń
Grażyna Cichosz

Grażyna Cichosz links excess trans and saturated fats in the diet with insulin resistance in people with abdominal obesity.

„Many studies have confirmed that an excess of TFA and saturated fatty acids in the diet leads to insulin resistance in people with abdominal obesity who are susceptible to developing type 2 diabetes. This effect is considerably stronger for trans isomers than for saturated fatty acids (27, 28).”W wielu badaniach potwierdzono, że nadmiar TFA i nasyconych KT w diecie, u ludzi z otyłością brzuszną, podatnych na rozwój cukrzycy typu 2 prowadzi do insulinooporności. Efekt ten jest zdecydowanie silniejszy w przypadku izomerów trans niż nasyconych KT (27, 28).
Kwasy tłuszczowe izomerii trans w diecie człowieka (Bromatologia i Chemia Toksykologiczna 2012)
Grażyna Cichosz

Grażyna Cichosz points out that trans fats have a particularly harmful effect on the bodies of infants and children.

„TFA have a particularly harmful effect on the bodies of infants and children. The results of numerous studies have shown that by blocking the action of delta-5 and delta-6 desaturase, which is involved in the synthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids from linoleic and α-linolenic acids, (i.e.”Szczególnie niekorzystny wpływ wywierają TFA na organizm niemowląt i dzieci. Wyniki licznych badań wykazały, że blokując działanie delta-5 i delta-6 desaturazy uczestniczącej w syntezie z kwasu linolowego i α-linolenowego długołańcuchowych wielonienasyconych kwasów tłuszczowych, (tj.
Kwasy tłuszczowe izomerii trans w diecie człowieka (Bromatologia i Chemia Toksykologiczna 2012)
Henryk Różański

Obesity is described as a growing health problem that has reached epidemic proportions in some countries.

„Obesity (Obesitas, Adipositas) is a steadily growing health problem, and in some countries it has reached epidemic proportions. It is not a new problem; obesity was also present among people in ancient times. At the Human–Food–Health conference—the 2nd Scientific Conference, held on 24–25 March 2017 in Wrocław—I gave a lecture on”Otyłość (Obesitas, Adipositas) jest stale rosnącym problemem zdrowotnym, a w niektórych krajach osiąga rozmiary epidemii. Nie jest problemem nowym, otyłość występowała również u ludzi dawnych epok. Podczas konferencji Człowiek – Żywność–Zdrowie – II Konferencji Naukowej jaka odbyła się 24-25 marca 2017 we Wrocławiu przedstawiłem wykład nt.
Otyłość – Obesitas.

Research from PubMed · Europe PMC

We selected 5 studies with the best, positive results. This is a selection, not a full review of all research.

Total number of studies on this topic in PubMed: 11 878.

The review found improvements in obesity measures in some interventions, most often those combining family involvement with changes to the child's diet and physical activity.

Aim of the study: The prevalence of childhood obesity is increasing worldwide with long-term health consequences. Effective strategies to stem the rising childhood obesity rates are needed but systematic reviews of interventions have reported inconsistent effects.

Results: Thirteen (46%) interventions led to improvements in measures of childhood obesity, including body mass index z-score and body fat percentage. Twelve of these included both parent- or family-based interventions and changes to the child's diet and physical activity. Home-based interventions were identified as the most effective setting: four out of five studies reported significant changes in the child's weight outcomes. Interventions conducted at home and those involving parents or families were effective in preventing childhood obesity. These findings should be considered when developing optimal strategies for preventing childhood obesity.

Preventing and treating childhood overweight and obesity in children up to 5 years old: A systematic review by intervention setting. · Matern Child Nutr 2022
Money for the studygovernment, public institutions · Action Medical Research, Medical Research Council, British Heart Foundation
Do the authors have ties to companies?no — the authors say so
Did a manufacturer help with the study?NO
Type of studyreview of many studies

“Not stated” does not mean nobody paid — the database does not always record it.

Nutrition education for parents improved children's BMI, especially among those with a higher BMI, and helped prevent overweight or obesity.

Aim of the study: Early childhood is a critical period for obesity prevention. This randomized controlled study evaluated the effectiveness of an educational intervention preventing obesity in preschool-age children.

Results: Initial BMI, weight, height-for-age and prevalence of overweight and obesity were similar for both groups. After the first year of the intervention, the zBMI of the intervention group decreased significantly from 0.23 to 0.10 (p = 0.002), and the subgroup of patients with baseline zBMI above the median decreased from 1 to 0.72 (p = 0.001), and in the second year from 1.01 to 0.73 (p = 0.002). The combined prevalence of overweight and obesity increased in the control group (12.2% to 20.1%; p = 0.027), while in the intervention group, there were no significant changes. This preschool educational intervention involving parents improved their children's BMI, especially among those with a higher BMI for their age, and helped prevent overweight or obesity.

Early Nutritional Education in the Prevention of Childhood Obesity. · Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021
Money for the studynot stated
Do the authors have ties to companies?no — the authors say so
Did a manufacturer help with the study?NO
Type of studystudy with random allocation to groups (RCT)
Participants261

“Not stated” does not mean nobody paid — the database does not always record it.

Children who spent at least two hours a day in front of a screen had a higher risk of overweight or obesity.

Aim of the study: Controlling childhood overweight/obesity would help early prevention on children from getting chronic noncommunicable diseases, exposing to screen for long periods may increase the risk of overweight/obesity due to lack of physical activity and tend to intake too much energy, and the relationship between screen time and overweight/obesity is inconsistent.

Results: A total of 16 studies met the criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. When compared with the screen time <2 hr/day, an increased overweight/obesity risk among children was shown in the screen time ≥2 hr/day (OR = 1.67; 95% CI [1.48, 1.88], P < .0001). The subgroup analysis showed a positive association between the different types of screen time and overweight/obesity among children. Based on our study, increasing screen time could be a risk factor for being overweight/obesity in children and adolescents.

Screen time and childhood overweight/obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. · Child Care Health Dev 2019
Money for the studynot stated
Do the authors have ties to companies?not stated
Did a manufacturer help with the study?unknown
Type of studycombined analysis of many studies (meta-analysis)

“Not stated” does not mean nobody paid — the database does not always record it.

The review found that adverse childhood experiences are linked to childhood obesity, supporting the need to take them into account in prevention and treatment.

Aim of the study: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with numerous physical and mental health issues in children and adults. The effect of ACEs on development of childhood obesity is less understood.

Results: Findings suggest ACEs are associated with childhood obesity. Girls may be more sensitive to obesity-related effects of ACEs than boys, sexual abuse appears to have a greater effect on childhood obesity than other ACEs, and co-occurrence of multiple ACEs may be associated with greater childhood obesity risk. Further, the effect of ACEs on development of childhood obesity may take 2-5 years to manifest. Considered collectively, findings suggest a need for greater attention to ACEs in the prevention and treatment of childhood obesity.

The association between adverse childhood experiences and childhood obesity: A systematic review. · Obes Rev 2021
Money for the studygovernment, public institutions · NICHD NIH HHS, NIDDK NIH HHS, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities
Do the authors have ties to companies?not stated
Did a manufacturer help with the study?unknown
Type of studyreview of many studies

“Not stated” does not mean nobody paid — the database does not always record it.

The review found that multi-component interventions may prevent obesity, and that the TrimTots program lowered BMI in preschool children.

Aim of the study: Childhood obesity is a serious challenge for public health. The problem begins early with most excess childhood weight gained before starting school.

Results: BMI was lower in children immediately after completing TrimTots compared with waiting list controls and this effect was sustained at long-term follow-up, 2 years after completion. Developing and evaluating complex interventions for obesity prevention is a challenge for clinicians and researchers. In addition, parents encounter barriers engaging with interventions. This review considers early-life risk factors for obesity, highlights evidence for preventative interventions and discusses barriers and facilitators to their success.

Prevention of overweight and obesity in early life. · Proc Nutr Soc 2018
Money for the studygovernment, public institutions · Medical Research Council
Do the authors have ties to companies?not stated
Did a manufacturer help with the study?unknown
Type of studydiscussion of other studies

“Not stated” does not mean nobody paid — the database does not always record it.

Perspectives and opinion materials

The content below presents the authors’ opinions, interpretations and hypotheses. It is not treated as equal to scientific studies and systematic reviews.

Orthomolecular Medicine News Service Opinion material
„Prevention must then be continued throughout childhood. To illustrate how extraordinarily important vitamin supplements are, consider this: Children who eat hot dogs once a week actually double their risk of a brain tumor. Kids eating more than twelve hot dogs a month have nearly ten times the risk of leukemia as children who eat none.”Prevention must then be continued throughout childhood. To illustrate how extraordinarily important vitamin supplements are, consider this: Children who eat hot dogs once a week actually double their risk of a brain tumor. Kids eating more than twelve hot dogs a month have nearly ten times the risk of leukemia as children who eat none.
Most Cancer Patients Eating Wrong
Orthomolecular Medicine News Service Opinion material
„Pediatric Annals 44:e265-e269. PMID: 26587819 50. John G, Mullin G (2016) The gut microbiome and obesity. Current Oncology Reports 18:45. PMID: 27255389 51. Crovesy L, Ostrowski M, Ferreira DMTP et al. (2017) Effect of Lactobacillus on body weight and body fat in overweight subjects: a systematic review of randomized controlled clinical trials. International Journal of Obesity 41:1607-1614. PMID: 28792488 52. Menni C, Jackson M, Pallister T et al. (2017) Gut microbiome diversity and high-fibre intake are related to lower long-term weight gain. International Journal of Obesity 41:1099-1105. PMID: 28286339 53.”Pediatric Annals 44:e265-e269. PMID: 26587819 50. John G, Mullin G (2016) The gut microbiome and obesity. Current Oncology Reports 18:45. PMID: 27255389 51. Crovesy L, Ostrowski M, Ferreira DMTP et al. (2017) Effect of Lactobacillus on body weight and body fat in overweight subjects: a systematic review of randomized controlled clinical trials. International Journal of Obesity 41:1607-1614. PMID: 28792488 52. Menni C, Jackson M, Pallister T et al. (2017) Gut microbiome diversity and high-fibre intake are related to lower long-term weight gain. International Journal of Obesity 41:1099-1105. PMID: 28286339 53.
Reboot Your Gut: Optimizing Health and Preventing Infectious Disease
Orthomolecular Medicine News Service Opinion material
„"Childhood obesity is almost completely preventable," says cardiologist Dr. Dean Ornish. "We don't have to wait for a new drug or technology; we just have to put into practice what we already know. What's changed is our diet and lifestyle. If we caused it, we can reverse it." (4) A typical teenage boy drinks 20 oz of soda a day. "Even chocolate milk gets a thumbs-up from dentists, who would rather see a child drink flavored milk than none at all," commented the NY Times. (5) "Most experts agree that Americans' increasingly sedentary lifestyle and fondness for fast food contributed to the nation's growing girth," says PBS-Frontline.”"Childhood obesity is almost completely preventable," says cardiologist Dr. Dean Ornish. "We don't have to wait for a new drug or technology; we just have to put into practice what we already know. What's changed is our diet and lifestyle. If we caused it, we can reverse it." (4) A typical teenage boy drinks 20 oz of soda a day. "Even chocolate milk gets a thumbs-up from dentists, who would rather see a child drink flavored milk than none at all," commented the NY Times. (5) "Most experts agree that Americans' increasingly sedentary lifestyle and fondness for fast food contributed to the nation's growing girth," says PBS-Frontline.
Cholesterol-Lowering Drugs For Eight-Year-Old Kids?

Pisaczek does not judge who is right. It shows what was written and where to read it. Every sentence above has its source.