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Herbs and plants

Jaborandi — the leaf that gave rise to a glaucoma medicine and makes you sweat

Sources: 6 · Article: 9 500 characters

Jaborandi leaves and pilocarpine were used to induce sweating, and the leaves were added to herbal teas taken for fever.

  • Treatments for tonsillitis, influenza, bronchitis, hair loss, and psoriasis were also mentioned; some of these uses were described as historical.
  • In the past, pilocarpine was also used for certain eye and hearing problems, while jaborandi was used for rheumatism, poisoning, and dropsy.

What the authors write

Henryk Różański

Pilocarpine is used to treat glaucoma, and pilocarpine hydrochloride was administered under the skin for atropine poisoning.

„Pilocarpine hydrochloride—Pilocarpinum hydrochloricum—is used medicinally, most often under the skin at a dose of 0.005–0.01 g for atropine poisoning. In the past, 0.025–0.05 was administered under the skin to induce sweating. The maximum single dose is 0.02; the maximum daily dose is 0.06 g.”W lecznictwie jest stosowany chlorowodorek pilokarpiny – Pilocarpinum hydrochloricum, najczęściej podskórnie w dawce 0,005-0,01 g w zatruciu atropiną, dawniej podskórnie podawano 0,025-0,05 jako środek napotny. Dawka maksymalna wynosi 0,02 jednorazowo; dobowa dawka maksymalna 0,06 g.
Henryk Różański

Jaborandi leaves and pilocarpine were described as agents that induce sweating and as remedies formerly used for rheumatism, poisoning, and dropsy.

„It is a good agent for inducing sweating and was formerly used to treat rheumatism, poisoning, and dropsy. Symptoms of gout were observed to worsen after jaborandi was used. A clear improvement was observed in the treatment of uremia with pulmonary edema, which, according to Dr. F.”Jest to dobry środek napotny, wykorzystywany dawniej w leczeniu reumatyzmu, zatrucia i puchliny wodnej. W dnie obserwowano pogorszenie objawów po zastosowaniu potoślinu. Obserwowano wyraźną poprawę w leczeniu mocznicy z obrzękiem płuc, co zdaniem dra F.
Henryk Różański

Pilocarpine increases the secretion of saliva and sweat, lowers intraocular pressure, and constricts the pupils.

„Pilocarpine increases the secretion of saliva and sweat, lowers intraocular pressure, and constricts the pupils. It is used to treat fever, tonsillitis, influenza, bronchitis, and glaucoma. It has long been recommended for treating hair loss and psoriasis. Jaborandi leaves were administered as a powder at a dose of 1.0 pro dosi (single dose)–2.0 pro die (daily dose).”Pilokarpina wzmaga wydzielanie śliny i potu, obniża ciśnienie śródgałkowe i zwęża źrenice. Stosowany w leczeniu gorączki, zapalenia migdałków, grypy, zapalenia oskrzeli i jaskry. Od dawna zalecany w leczeniu łysienia i łuszczycy. Sproszkowane liście potoślinu podawano w dawce 1,0 pro dosi (dawka jednorazowa) – 2,0 pro die (dawka dobowa).
Henryk Różański

Pilocarpine and preparations made from jaborandi leaves were rubbed into the scalp to treat hair loss, and preparations were also used for psoriasis.

„In the 19th century, pilocarpine solution and preparations made from jaborandi leaves were rubbed into the scalp to treat hair loss. The alkaloids improve blood circulation in the skin and were thought to prevent hair from falling out. These reports from the 19th century are still used today, especially because jaborandi compounds help other nourishing and medicinal substances penetrate the skin. Pilocarpine ointment, ointment made from Pilocarpus leaves, and jaborandi tincture—Tinctura Pilocarpi—rubbed into the skin sometimes produce good results in treating psoriasis.”W XIX wieku pilokarpinę w roztworze oraz preparaty z liści potoślinu wcierano w skórę głowy przy łysieniu. Alkaloidy poprawiają krążenie krwi w skórze, przez co miały zapobiegać wpadaniu włosów. Do dziś te doniesienia XIX-wieczne są wykorzystywane, szczególnie, że składniki potoślinu poprawiają wnikanie w skórę innych substancji odżywczych i leczniczych. Pilokarpina w maści, maść z liści Pilocarpus, nalewka potoślinowa – Tinctura Pilocarpi wcierane w skórę dają czasem dobre wyniki w leczeniu łuszczycy.
Henryk Różański

In the past, pilocarpine was administered for certain inflammatory eye conditions, retinal detachment, and hearing problems associated with fluid accumulation.

„In historical ear, nose, and throat medicine, pilocarpine was taken by mouth to improve hearing when there were signs of fluid in the tympanic cavity and cochlea. In historical ophthalmology, pilocarpine was given for inflammation of the iris and choroid, retinal detachment, and inflammation of the optic nerve behind the eyeball (neuritis retrobulbaris).”W dawnej laryngologii wykorzystywano pilokarpinę (doustnie) do poprawy słuchu przy objawach wysięku z jamy bębenkowej i ślimaka ucha. W dawnej okulistyce podawano pilokarpinę przy zapaleniu tęczówki, naczyniówki, odklejeniu siatkówki, przy zapaleniu nerwu pozagałowego (neuritis retrobulbaris).
Henryk Różański

Jaborandi leaf was an ingredient in official sweat-inducing herbal tea mixtures.

„It is included in the official sweat-inducing herbal mixture Species diaphoreticae. Species diaphoreticae = Species sudorificae — the official pharmacopoeial sweat-inducing herbal mixture according to Pharm. Helv. VI: Rp. Flos sambuci 30 g (elderflower), Flos Tiliae 40 g (linden flower), Folium jaborandi 10 g (jaborandi leaf), Folium menthae 20 g (mint leaf). Mix.”Wchodzi w skład oficjalnych ziółek napotnych Species diaphoreticae. Species diaphoreticae = Species sudorificae – ziółka napotne farmakopealne wg Pharm. Helv. VI: Rp. Flos sambuci 30 g (kwiat bzu czarnego) Flos Tiliae 40 g (kwiat lipy) Folium iaborandi 10 g (liść potoślinu) Folium menthae 20 g (liść mięty) Zmieszać.
Henryk Różański

The listed pilocarpine salts were described as sweat-inducing, anti-inflammatory, fever-reducing, or antiseptic agents.

„The following were also used: Pilocarpinum nitricum (pilocarpine nitrate); Pilocarpinum salicylicum (pilocarpine salicylate), C11H16N2O2.C7H6O3, which induces sweating and is anti-inflammatory and fever-reducing; Pilocarpinum phenylicum (pilocarpine phenylate), C11H16N2O2.C6H6O, which is antiseptic and induces sweating.”W użyciu były także: Pilocarpinum nitricum (azotan pilokarpiny), Pilocarpinum salicylicum (salicylan pilokarpiny) C11H16N2O2.C7H6O3, napotny, przeciwzapalny, przeciwgorączkowy; Pilocarpinym phenylicum (fenylan pilokarpiny) C11H16N2O2.C6H6O, antyseptyczny i napotny.

Research from PubMed · Europe PMC

We selected 4 studies with the best, positive results. This is a selection, not a full review of all research.

Total number of studies on this topic in PubMed: 15.

Pilocarpine was applied locally to lower intraocular pressure in glaucoma.

Aim of the study: In 1876, A. Weber chemically isolated from P.

Results: Weber introduced chemically isolated Pilocarpium muriaticum from P. jaborandi into ophthalmological therapy. One year later, it was used locally to lower intraocular pressure in glaucoma and, in the following years, replaced the extract of the Calabar bean (eserine). Clinical and pharmacological data are discussed.

Money for the studynot stated
Do the authors have ties to companies?not stated
Did a manufacturer help with the study?unknown
Type of studydiscussion of other studies

“Not stated” does not mean nobody paid — the database does not always record it.

Jaborandi leaves cause profuse sweating and salivation, and pilocarpine remains in use in ophthalmology.

Aim of the study: Despite many references to Pilocarpus Jaborandi Holmes in ethnological and botanical sources, and suggestions that it was used for a variety of diseases, it has not been possible to identify any particular purpose for which South American Indians used its leaves.

Results: In 1875, Hardy and Gerrard independently discovered the alkaloid pilocarpine. Most therapeutic uses of jaborandi leaves and pilocarpine fell out of use and were discontinued. The use that remained was pilocarpine in ophthalmology, where Weber had introduced it as a miotic in 1876. The combination of pilocarpine and another natural product, physostigmine, remains one of the mainstays of ophthalmology to this day.

Money for the studygovernment, public institutions
Do the authors have ties to companies?not stated
Did a manufacturer help with the study?unknown
Type of studydiscussion of other studies

“Not stated” does not mean nobody paid — the database does not always record it.

Pilocarpine from jaborandi is used to treat glaucoma and dry mouth.

Aim of the study: Pilocarpus microphyllus Stapf ex Wardleworth (jaborandi, Rutaceae) is one of Brazil’s most important medicinal species because it contains pilocarpine (PIL), an alkaloid used to treat glaucoma and xerostomia. This species also contains another alkaloid, epiisopiloturine (EPI), which has been shown to be effective against schistosomiasis.

Results: PIL content gradually decreased in all three populations during the rainy season. EPI content differed significantly between the green line (S01) and the traditional lines (S02 and S03). S01 had significantly lower EPI content in every month, showing that it was not the best source for EPI extraction. Inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers and morphological analyses clearly distinguished S01 from S02 and S03, in agreement with the alkaloid results. This study shows the first correlation between the chemical, morphological, and molecular markers of P. microphyllus and highlights the potential benefits of a multidisciplinary research approach to support both industry and the conservation of natural resources.

Money for the studygovernment, public institutions · Curie Cancer Care, Marie Curie Actions
Do the authors have ties to companies?no — the authors say so
Did a manufacturer help with the study?NO
Type of studyother

“Not stated” does not mean nobody paid — the database does not always record it.

Pilocarpine from jaborandi leaves has been described as being used to treat glaucoma and dry mouth.

Aim of the study: Jaborandi (Pilocarpus microphyllus) is a species native to northern and northeastern Brazil. Its leaves produce pilocarpine, an imidazole alkaloid that has been used to treat glaucoma and xerostomia, although its biosynthesis is still uncertain. This study aimed to establish cell lines and select those with an alkaloid profile similar to that of jaborandi leaves.

Results: After 24 subcultures, alkaloid production remained constant. ESI-MS analysis showed that the cell culture extracts had the same alkaloid composition as extracts made from leaves. The results indicate that cell suspensions can be used as a model for studying the biosynthesis of the imidazole alkaloid in P. microphyllus.

Money for the studynot stated
Do the authors have ties to companies?not stated
Did a manufacturer help with the study?unknown
Type of studylaboratory study (on cells)

“Not stated” does not mean nobody paid — the database does not always record it.

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